Machine for crushing coal, stone, and similar materials



Sept.,13, 1932- H. MARTINEZ ET AL MACHINE FOR CRUSHING COAL, STONE, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS Filed May 14, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 M MM \NV TORS ATTORNEYS. v

P 1932- H. MARTINEZ ET AL 1,877,188

MACHINE FOR CRUSHING COAL, STONE; AND SIMILAR MATERIALS Filed May 14, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 3.

' INVE ToRs BY I g I EL ATTORNEYS:

Patented Sept; 13, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1 p HENRY MARTINEZ AND ROBERT HIITCHISON KIRK, OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, ENGLAND, ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, 'IO- WINGE'I LIMITED, OF WARWICK, ENGLAND, A CORPORATION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND MACHINE ron crwsnme cont, sronn, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS Application filed May 14, 1930, SeriaINo. 452,316, and in Great Britain May 21, 1929.

This invention relates to machines for crushing coal, stone and similar materials, and has for its ob ect to provide an improved machine. The machine of the present invention has been especially designed for use in places where both the inlet andthe outlet from the machine are liable to become choked; for example, where the crushing ma chine is interposed between an outlet from a ships bunkers and the feed hopper of a coal pulverizer feeding the boiler furnaces to ensure that none of the pieces of coal fedto the pulverizer exceed a certain size.

In a crushing machine in accordance with the present invention, the opposed members between which the material is crushed are so mounted that, in case of choking or foul ing, abnormal resistance is absorbed 'by resilient devices, and are characterized in that said resilient devices are positioned so as to allow said members to yieldat both the intake and the output end of the machine. The operative member normally has imparted to it an oscillatory movement, and the material is crushed between it and an abutment, but,'1f desired, a second operating member may be substituted for the abutment. The crushlng power isnormally transmitted to theoperative membersthrough resilient devices whlch absorb said power when the resistance of the material between the crushing members exceeds the normal, and the relative movement between thecrushing members changes from a crushing motion to a rubbing or rolling motion, the crushing motion being'absorbed by the resilient mountings which .are preferably adjus'table to vary their resistance. The machine is thus adapted to deal, without chok ing or risk of damage to its parts, with'ma-' terials fed to it in varying quantities and without control, and is particularly suitable for dealing with crushable materials such as coal, coke and the like with which uncrushable materials suchwas iron, wood. or the like may be mixed. i I

U suallvthe {abutment of the machine is sta tionary, the coacting member-being resilient. 1y actuated, but the abutment may be resiliently mounted and the coacting member positively operated.

' We will more fully describe'our invention with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate crushing machines in modified construction; Figure 4 is a similar view to Fig. 1 illustrating a further modifica tion, and Figure 5 is an end elevation of the machine shown in Fig. 4.

Referring to the said drawings, in the 8X- ample illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the crushlIlg..=.(l1E1.Ch1Il8 comprises a casing having an end Wall'10 forming a strong abutment against which the coal or other material is crushed. The operative members comprise two sets of toothed wheels 11, 12 spaced on a pair of parallel horizontal transverse shafts '13, 14, the wheels of one set entering the spaces between the wheelsv of the other set. One set of operative members is disposed be- 'low and nearer to the abutment than the other. 'The lower shaft 13 is supported in resiliently-mounted bearings 15 on the side so as to be capable of oscillating to a limited degree thereabout. The shafts 13,14 are fitted with cranks 1'8, 19, the lower cranks 19 being linked tothe upper cranks by'links 20, and

theupper cranks 18 being pivoted at 21 to crossheads 22'onrods 23 attached to sheaves 24: embracing eccentrics 25 on a suitably supported and driven rotary shaft '26. Each 'crosshead 22 :lies between a pair of springs 27, 28 mounted-on the eccentric rod 23, said springs normally holding said crosshead in mid-positionso that it reciprocates with the eccentric rod, the reciprocations of the crossheads being simultaneously transmitted to the two sets of operative members 11, 12 by the coupled cranks 18, 19. 'A third spring 29' is disposed at'an oblique angle to each eccentric rod '23 on the opposite side of the cross-' .head 22 to theloperative members,.said spring end to the crosshead and at the other end sliding through a pivoted block 31 mounted on the adjacent side plate 16 of the machine,

this arrangement imparting to the upper operative member 11 an oscillatory move ment about the shaft 14 of the lower crushing member.

Should abnormal obstruction occur be tween the crushing members 11, 12 and the abutment 10 due to choking of the intake end or of the output end of the machine, or both, the oscillatory movementofthe upper operative member 11 about the lower shaft 14 stops and the oscillation of the crossheads 22 is transferred to the oblique pins 30 and absorbed by their springs 29, both operative members continuing to oscillate about their own axes. Should a piece of metal or other comparatively unbreakable substance become wedged between the operative members and the abutment, or should the density of the choke become such as to prevent any movement of the operative members, the motion of these members stops and the eccentric rods 23 reciprocate through the crossheads 22, the power which is normally transmitted by the crossheads to the crushing members being absorbed by the springs 27, 28.

The springs 27, 28 and 29 are adjustable as to tension by adjusting the nuts 32 on the rods 23 or the nuts 33 on the pins 30.

.In the machine illustrated in Fig. 3, a jaw 34 is substituted for the crushing wheels 11, 12 of Figs. 1 and 2, and the upper end of this operative jaw 34 is pivotally connected by a link 35 to an adjustable block 36 on the eccentric rod 23 carried by the sheave 24 of the eccentric 25 on the driving shaft 26 of the machine, and the lower end of the jaw 34 is pivotally attached at 40 to one arm 37 of a cranked lever, the fulcrum 38 of which may be fixed or adjustable or may slide against the resistance of suitable springs, the other arm 38 of said cranked lever being connected by a link 39 to the crosshead 22 on the eccentric rod 23, said crosshead being adjustably disposed between the block 36. and the eccentric 25. The springs 27 and 28 of Figs. 1 and 2 are dispensed with. Opposing the upper link 35 is the oblique pin 30 sliding through a hole in the pivoting block 31 as in Figs. 1 and 2. The adjustable spring 29 is disposed about the pin 30 between the blocks 36 and 31. The attachment between the lower end of the jaw 34 and the cranked lever 37, 38 may be resilient in the direction between the point of attachment 40 to the jaw and the fulcrum 38 of said lever but not laterally, or the connection between the cranked lever 37, 38 and the link 39 connecting it to the crosshead 22 may be resilient. The abutment 10 of the machine is stationary, and the mechanism is duplicated at each side of the machine and carried by the side plates 16 between which the abutment 10 and jaw 34 are mounted as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

Normally, a substantially oscillatory motion is imparted to the operative jaw 34 by the block 36 on the eccentric rod operating through the upper link 35 and by the crosshead 22 operating through the lower link 39 and cranked lever 37, 38. Should the machine become choked or a piece of unusually hard material come between the abutment 10 and the jaw 34, the crushing action of the j aw becomes a rubbing or rolling motion tending to pass the congregated material or uncrushable piece down between the jaw and the abutment, the crushing power being transferred to the spring 29 opposed to the link 35 and to the resilient connections between the crankedlever 37, 38 and the lower end of said jaw or the link 39, where such connections are fitted. The jaw 34thus marks time until the stoppage or obstruction is cleared.

In the modified construction illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, the upper endof the operative jaw 34 is pivoted at 41 to the centre of a crosshead 42 provided with rods 43 sliding through a block 44 connected to the sheaves 24 of a pair of eccentrics 25 onthe driving,

shaft 26, springs 27, 28 being disposed around the rods 43 between the crosshead 42 and the block 44 and between the latter and adjustaable stops 45 on the ends of the rods, the arrangement allowing the upper end of the jaw 34, when it meets abnormal resistance, to move towards the driving shaft 26 against the resistance of the springs 27, 28 but not laterally. The lower end of the operative jaw 34 is adjustably connected by a link 46 toa lug 47 on the eccentric sheave 24, and its movement away from the abutment 10 is opposed by. the'spring 29 about the pin 30 j a which slides through a hole in the pivoted block 31 which forms a resilient anchorage. This construction may be further modified by dispensing with the adjustable links 46,

the lower end of the jaw 34 being directly pivoted to the spring enclosed pin 30. Also, where a wider jaw 34 is provided, the eccentrics 25, blocks 44, crossheads 42 and associated parts and the link 46, pin 30 andrblock 31 may be duplicated or triplicated as may be 1 2 required to ensure proper actuation of the aw.

It will be seen thatthe output at the lower end of the operative jaw 34 can be varied from nothing to a maximum by varying the angle of the pivoted pin 30 to the jaw; for example,

by shortening the link 46 by means of the coupling 48, the lug 40 by whichthe link and the pin 30 are attached to the jaw can be raised and the to-and-fro movement of the lower end of the jaw about the pivoted block 31 in creased, while, by lengthening said link,

said to-and-fro movement can be decreased to zero. The same effect is obtained by raising or loweringthe pivoted block 31 or the" pivot 38 of F ig. 3. Simple and effective means are thus provided whereby the feed of the crushing machine can be varied according to requirements. 7

In all the above arrangements, the springs absorbing abnormal resistance to the operative jaw 34 may be dispensed with and the stationary jaw 10 resiliently mounted so that it floats and gives when the machine becomes choked or when an abnormally hard obstruction comes between the jaws, movement of said floating jaw 10 in vertical directions being prevented by guides or otherwise suitably thus restricting the floating jaw to movements towards and away from the operative jaw 34.

Alternatively, we may, if desired, substitute for the abutment 10 a second operative member or jaw similar to but opposed to the jaw 3a of the constructions illustrated in the drawings, the actuating mechanism of the second jaw being simultaneously operated with that of the first jaw through suitable gearing.

'Vhat we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A machine for crushing coal, stone and similar materials comprising a casing, opposed crushing members mounted in said casing, one of said crushing members being a floating operative member, bearings carried by said casing, a rotary driving shaft mounted in said bearings, oscillatory mechanism on said shaft, a connection between said o-scillatory mechanism and said operative crushing member, an anchorage in said ca ing, and a resilient device interposed between said connection and said anchorage and absorbing the drive to the intake end of said operative crushing member when it meets abnormal resistance.

2. A machine for crushing coal, stone and similar materials comprising a casing, opposed crushing members mounted in said casing, one of said crushing members being a floating operative member, bearings carried by said casing, a rotary driving shaft mounted in said bearings, oscillatory mechanism on said shaft, a connection between said oscillatory mechanism and said operative crushing member, an anchorage in said casing, and

'a resilient device interposed between said connection and said anchorage and absorbing the drive to both the intake and the output ends of said operative crushing member when it meets abnormal resistance. 7

3. A machine for crushing coal, stone and similar materials comprising a casing, opposed crushing members mounted in said casing, one of said crushing members'being a floating operative member, bearings carried by said casing, a rotary driving shaft mounted in said bearings, oscillatory mechanism on said shaft, a connection between said os-, cillatory mechanism and said operative crushing member, an anchorage in said casing, a resilient device interposed between i; A machine for crushing coal, stone and similar materials comprising a casing, opposedcrushing members'mounted in said casing, one of said crushing members being a floating operative member, bearings carried by saidc'asing, a rotary driving shaft mounted in said bearings, oscillatory mechanism on said shaft, a connection between said oscillatory mechanism and said operative crushing member, an anchorage in said casing, a resilient device interposed between said connection and said anchorage and absorbing the drive to both the intake and the output ends of said operative-crushing member when it meets abnormal resistance, resilient devices inserted between said oscillating mechanism and said connection through which the power for actuating the operative crushing member is transmitted and means for adjusting the gap at the output end of the crushing members to vary the output of the machine.

5. A machine for crushing coal, stone and similar materials comprising a casing, opposed crushing members mounted in said casing, one of said crushing members being a floating operative member, bearingscarried by said casing, a rotary driving shaft mounted in said bearings, oscillatory mechanism on said shaft, a connection between said oscillatory mechanism and said operative crushing member, an anchorage in said casing, a resilient device interposed between said connection and said anchorage and absorbing the drive to both the intake and the output ends of said operative crushing member when it meets abnormal resistance, resilient devices inserted between said oscillating mechanism and said connection through which the power for actuating the operative crushing member is transmitted and means for adjusting the gap at the output end of the crushing members to vary the output of the machine, said oscillatory mechanism comprising an eccentric on said driving'shaft, a spring-loaded crosshead, and an operative connection between saideccentric and said crosshead; v

6. A machine for crushing coal, stone and similar materials comprising a casing, opposed crushing members mounted in said casing, one of said crushing members being a floating operative member, bearings car ried by said casing, a rotary driving shaft mounted in said bearings, oscillatory mechanism on said shaft, a connection between said oscillatory mechanism and said operative crushing member, an anchorage in said casing, a resilient device interposed between said connection and said anchorage and absorbing the drive to both the intake and the output ends of said operative crushing memher when it meets abnormal resistance, resilient devices inserted between said oscillating mechanism and said connection through which the power for actuating the operative crushing member is transmitted, said oscillatory mechanism comprising an eccentric on said driving shaft, a sheave on said eccentric, a block attached to said sheave, pins projecting from said block, springs on said pins, a pivotal connection between said pins and a lug at the upper end of the operative crushing member, a lug at the lower end of said operative crushing member, an adjustable connection between said eccentric sheave and said lower lug, a spring interposed between said lower lug and an adjustable anchorage, and means for raising and lowering said lug to vary the gap at the out put end of the crushing members.

In testimony whereof, we afiix our signatures.

HENRY MARTINEZ. ROBERT H. KIRK. 

